Maybe a bit dramatic, but you get the point.
The technology for a sustainable energy economy exists today, that's not what's holding us back. What's holding us back is the implementation of these technologies. Many of them are expensive or would require an entirely new infrastructure to sustain. Take the electric car for example, they're possible, in fact, we've already built them, so why aren't we all driving them? One reason is that they are still fairly expensive, but that's not a good excuse. We've had the technology for a very long time, but an electric car hasn't been on the market until very recently. So, if cost isn't a good reason not to have them, what is? I'll tell you, it's infrastructure. We just don't have what we need for everyone to drive an electric car. Electric cars need electricity, so they need to be charged, the only problem is that our gas stations serve us gas, not electricity. For electric cars to become widely used, electricity will need to be more widely available for the average Joe on the go. This could mean special outlets at every gas station or very efficient solar panels on the roof, who knows. The one thing that we can know, however, is that we need some way to power a lot of cars if everyone is going to start driving them.
A Reva electric car charging
Now let's get right down to the main point. Energy efficient devices like cars are fun and all, but the real meat in the solution to our energy problem lies with replacing the current infrastructure with renewable resources. Your lights, computer, refrigerator, almost everything you own is powered by some large facility somewhere, whether it be coal, oil or nuclear power. The ultimate goal is to replace these facilities with renewable energies ranging from wind to solar energy.
Wind is one of the better renewable resources out there. The facilities to gain energy from it don't produce much waste at all, and they are relatively harmless. They're not perfect, however. Large wind turbines are unsightly and can be very noisy, which means that people don't want them around their houses. Whenever a new one is installed, the locals believe that it will make their property values drop, and so they resist it. Then there is also the misconception that wind energy is land intensive. While those giant turbines may be tall, they aren't very wide. For some reason, a lot of people believe that you have to have empty land beneath a windmill, but this isn't the case. Wind turbines are perfect for farmlands, you can grow your crops right up to their bases without fear of interfering with the machines function. Problems do arise when people talk of clearing out forests to build more, however. Another real concern, a big concern, is the effect of windmills on the environment. It turns out that birds and bats get killed at an alarming rate in the wings of these giant machines. This becomes and even bigger problem when those animals dying are endangered, which they all too often are.
Arrays of wind turbines collect energy from nature
Another favorite renewable energy is hydroelectric power. The basic premise is that a large turbine is turned by the natural flow of water on the earth. While it may sound good on the surface, hydroelectric power turns out to be one of the worst forms of renewable energy. The biggest energy producers for this field are dams, like the famous Hoover Dam, that control water flow to create power, but the U.S. has run out of places to put new dams. Even beyond the lack of potential for new dams, the existing dams mess with wildlife. Fish that have to travel downstream, like salmon, often get caught in the blades of a water turbine and are killed. With the lack of potential for big hydroelectric producers smaller solutions were sought out. The problem of the wildlife interruption still remained, however, and smaller hydroelectric plants just weren't very effective. So far hydroelectric power hasn't turned out well.
Hoover Dam
Another great idea for renewable energy comes from deep inside the earth itself. The inside of our planet is very hot from massive pressures and residual heat from the accretion of our planet, and this heat can be harnessed. Current technologies allow us to bring up heated water or steam from below the ground and use it to boil water and turn large turbines. Currently new technologies that would allow us to use heat from dry rock, pressurized brine mixed with methane and even magma are being developed, but for now, let's just focus on what we have. Geothermal is a great way to get power, it's entirely renewable and is capable of generating a lot of energy. There's just one problem, it's toxic. As the ground water is brought up through the earth's surface it leeches many toxic minerals and gases from the ground around it. Now, before I continue I should explain, there are actually two methods for getting geothermal power, closed-loop and open-loop. Closed-loop simply means that the water taken from below the earth is returned after it has been used, while open-loop means that it isn't. In closed-loop systems, there isn't really any problem from the toxic water because it is never released. The problem comes from open-loop systems. Toxic chemicals can be spewed into the atmosphere or condensed into a poisonous sludge. You may be wondering the, why we don't just all use closed-loop systems? I'll tell you: closed-loop systems are a bit more expensive.
Closed-loop geothermal plant
A photovoltaic array
Utility-scale solar power plant
